我國各地養豬場的飼養規模、生產狀況、管理模式、經濟條件千差萬別，地理位置和環境容量差別很大，廢水或固體糞便的處置與排放方式也不盡相同，因此處理技術和模式多樣。規模養豬場沼氣工程建設，應根據厭氧處理工藝的特點以及對厭氧殘留物處理利用方式和要求的不同，在實際工程設計中，根據現場條件、沼氣利用和排放等方面的要求，選擇不同的模式。

The scale, production status, management mode, and economic conditions of pig farms vary greatly in different regions of China, with significant differences in geographical location and environmental capacity. The disposal and discharge methods of wastewater or solid manure also differ, resulting in diverse treatment technologies and modes. The construction of biogas projects in large-scale pig farms should be based on the characteristics of anaerobic treatment processes and different requirements for the treatment and utilization of anaerobic residues. In actual engineering design, different modes should be selected according to the requirements of site conditions, biogas utilization, and emissions.

目前，規模化豬場沼氣工程處理模式劃分為能源生態型和能源環保型兩種。

At present, the treatment modes of large-scale pig farm biogas projects are divided into two types: energy ecological and energy environmentally friendly.

2.1 能源生態模式

2.1 Energy Ecological Model

該模式以厭氧消化為主體工藝，是資源綜合利用模式，主要是指畜禽糞便經沼氣池發酵后，所產生的沼氣經過凈化后作為燃料，沼渣、沼液按食物鏈關系作為下一級生產活動的原料、肥料、飼料等進行再利用;同時該模式結合氧化塘或土地處理等自然處理系統，可以使處理出水在非利用季節達到排放標準。該模式主要適用于周邊有適當規模的農田、魚塘或水生植物塘的養豬場，可促進農業有機肥的施用，節制性地使用無機化肥，發展綠色食品產業。該模式同時也具有一定的經濟效益，可以實現規模豬場自身的良性、循環發展。

This mode is based on anaerobic digestion as the main process and is a comprehensive resource utilization mode. It mainly refers to the purification of the biogas produced by the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure in a biogas digester, which is used as fuel. The biogas residue and slurry are reused as raw materials, fertilizers, feed, etc. for the next level of production activities according to the food chain relationship; At the same time, this mode, combined with natural treatment systems such as oxidation ponds or land treatment, can enable the treated effluent to meet discharge standards during non use seasons. This model is mainly suitable for pig farms with appropriately sized farmland, fish ponds, or aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. It can promote the application of organic fertilizers in agriculture, use inorganic fertilizers in moderation, and develop the green food industry. This model also has certain economic benefits and can achieve the benign and circular development of large-scale pig farms themselves.

2.2 能源環保模式

2.2 Energy and Environmental Protection Model

該模式的關鍵是糞污水減量化，首先通過固液分離的方法將固態糞分離出來，分離出的糞渣出售或生產有機復合肥，分離后的液體進行厭氧消化處理，厭氧后的污水再通過好氧處理系統進一步凈化處理，達到國家和地方規定的相關排放標準后，排入相應的水體。該模式是達標排放模式，主要應用于周邊既無一定規模的農田，又無閑暇空地可供建造魚塘和水生植物塘的養豬場。該模式沼氣工程通常規模較大，后續達標排放處理運行費用較高。

The key to this model is the reduction of manure and sewage. Firstly, solid manure is separated through solid-liquid separation, and the separated manure residue is sold or used to produce organic compound fertilizer. The separated liquid is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment, and the anaerobic sewage is further purified through an aerobic treatment system to meet relevant national and local emission standards before being discharged into the corresponding water bodies. This mode is a standard emission mode, mainly applied to pig farms that do not have a certain scale of farmland or leisure space for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. This mode of biogas engineering usually has a large scale, and the operating costs for subsequent standard emission treatment are relatively high.

2.3兩種模式比較

2.3 Comparison of Two Modes

兩種模式的共同之處在于均利用沼氣技術處理豬場糞污水，利用沼氣燃料作為能源，但兩種模式在技術上和投資運行成本上有很大的差別。

The commonality between the two modes is that they both use biogas technology to treat pig manure and sewage, and use biogas fuel as energy. However, there are significant differences in technology and investment operating costs between the two modes.

能源生態模式以資源回收與綜合利用為目的，主要側重于沼氣、沼渣、沼液等資源的回收與利用，對清糞工藝無特殊要求，多采用全混式厭氧發酵裝置，對出水水質無要求，但要求周邊應有一定規模的農田消納沼渣液，以便進行土地利用，或有空閑地可供建造魚塘和水生植物塘等，通常適用于各類規模的沼氣工程。

The energy ecological model aims at resource recovery and comprehensive utilization, mainly focusing on the recovery and utilization of resources such as biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. There are no special requirements for manure cleaning processes, and fully mixed anaerobic fermentation devices are often used. There are no requirements for effluent quality, but there should be a certain scale of farmland in the surrounding area to absorb biogas residue for land use, or there should be idle land available for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds. It is usually suitable for biogas projects of various scales.

能源環保型則以處理糞污水為目的，對沼氣和沼渣、沼液的利用為輔，對出水水質要求很高，水處理后的最終產物必須符合國家或地方排放標準，因此該模式要求進入沼氣裝置糞水的懸浮物和固體含量較低，以減輕后續處理的難度和運行費用，較適用于大型沼氣工程。在周邊無充足的農田消納有機肥料，出水必須排放的情況下采用該模式，其優點是適應性廣，不受地理位置限制，占地少;缺點是投資大，能耗高，運行費高，機械設備多，維護管理量大，需專門的技術人員運行管理。

The energy and environmental protection model aims to treat manure and sewage, supplemented by the utilization of biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. It has high requirements for effluent quality, and the final product after water treatment must meet national or local emission standards. Therefore, this model requires low suspended solids and solid content in the manure water entering the biogas plant to reduce the difficulty and operating costs of subsequent treatment, and is more suitable for large-scale biogas projects. When there is insufficient farmland in the surrounding area to absorb organic fertilizers and the effluent must be discharged, adopting this mode has the advantages of wide adaptability, not limited by geographical location, and occupying less land; The disadvantages are high investment, high energy consumption, high operating costs, multiple mechanical equipment, large maintenance and management workload, requiring specialized technical personnel for operation and management.