Biogas is a kind of mixed gas. Its composition not only depends on the type and relative content of fermentation raw materials, but also changes with the different fermentation conditions and fermentation stages. When the biogas anaerobic reactor is in the normal stable fermentation stage, the volume composition of biogas is roughly: methane (CH4) 50% ~ 75%, carbon dioxide (CO2) 25% ~ 45%, water (H2O, 20 ~ 40 ℃) 2% ~ 7%, nitrogen (N2) 0 ~ 2%, a small amount of oxygen (O2), and less than 1% of hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Compared with other combustible gases, biogas purification process has the characteristics of good explosion resistance and clean combustion products. At present, biogas is mainly used in power generation, heat supply and cooking. The CO2 in biogas reduces the energy density and calorific value of biogas and limits the scope of biogas utilization. It is necessary to remove CO2, H2S and water vapor in biogas and purify biogas into biological natural gas (bng). Bio natural gas can be compressed for vehicle fuel (CNG), cogeneration (CHP), integration into natural gas pipeline network, fuel cell, chemical raw materials and other fields. The use of biogas in automobiles can not only reduce the air pollution caused by exhaust emissions, but also reduce the net emission of greenhouse gases by 75% ~ 200%. Biogas can be mixed into the existing natural gas pipeline network, reducing the dependence on petrochemical energy.
At present, landfill gas purification processes include pressure swing adsorption (PSA), water washing, chemical absorption, membrane separation, selective separation, etc. at present, the more mature and widely used methods in the world are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption (amine purification) and membrane separation.
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