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沼氣處理和利用

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2022-05-20

沼氣是一種可再生能源，在畜禽糞便、餐廚垃圾、環衛糞便和其他有機廢棄物的厭氧發酵過程中產生，主要由甲烷和二氧化碳組成。厭氧發酵過程中產生的沼氣進行脫水、除塵、脫硫、脫碳等處理后，可用于沼氣發電實現熱電聯產或者進行提純，提純的沼氣可用于汽車燃料、工業燃氣或城鎮燃氣，從而減少化石能源使用量，保護環境。

Biogas is a kind of renewable energy, which is produced during the anaerobic fermentation of livestock manure, kitchen waste, sanitation manure and other organic wastes. It is mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. After dehydration, dust removal, desulfurization and decarbonization, the biogas produced in the process of anaerobic fermentation can be used for biogas power generation, cogeneration or purification. The purified biogas can be used for automobile fuel, industrial gas or urban gas, so as to reduce the use of fossil energy and protect the environment.

一、沼氣熱電聯產

1、 Biogas cogeneration

將厭氧發酵處理產生的沼氣用于驅動發電機組，產生電能在滿足全廠用電的前提下，還可以向城市電網輸送多余電能，沼氣發電過程中不同溫度的余熱分別進行梯級回收利用，供生物質綜合處理工藝使用，綜合利用資源，實現熱電聯產。

The biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation is used to drive the generator set to generate electric energy. On the premise of meeting the power consumption of the whole plant, it can also transmit excess electric energy to the urban power grid. The waste heat at different temperatures in the process of biogas power generation is recycled step by step for the use of biomass comprehensive treatment process, comprehensive utilization of resources and Realization of cogeneration.

工藝流程：

technological process:

特點：

characteristic:

（1）實現梯級利用不同品質余熱。（2）實現能源品味和能源轉換效率的提高，輸送便利、資金回報率高。（3）實現能源循環利用，解決沼氣系統的加熱和保溫的全部或部分能耗，降低了整個工程的能耗，提高沼氣產量和工程運行穩定性。（4）提高沼氣工程的綜合效益，其產生的經濟價值相當于沼氣直燃的3倍。

(1) Realize cascade utilization of waste heat of different quality. (2) Improve energy taste and energy conversion efficiency, with convenient transportation and high return on capital. (3) Realize energy recycling, solve all or part of the energy consumption of heating and thermal insulation of biogas system, reduce the energy consumption of the whole project, and improve the biogas output and operation stability of the project. (4) To improve the comprehensive benefits of biogas project, its economic value is equivalent to three times of biogas direct combustion.

二、沼氣膜提純

2、 Biogas membrane purification

氧發酵處理產生的沼氣經過預處理后，沼氣氣體中各組分氣體透過高分子膜時，根據它們在膜內的溶解度和擴散滲透速率的不同，更好地分離沼氣中的CO2，使得沼氣中甲烷的含量提高到95％-97%。沼氣提純后可用于車用燃氣、工業燃氣或城鎮燃氣等。

After the pretreatment of biogas produced by oxygen fermentation, when the components of biogas gas pass through the polymer membrane, the CO2 in biogas can be better separated according to their solubility and diffusion penetration rate in the membrane, so that the content of methane in biogas can be increased to 95% - 97%. After purification, biogas can be used for vehicle gas, industrial gas or urban gas.

技術原理：利用氣體各組分在膜內的溶解度和擴散滲透速率的不同而將其進行分離。

Technical principle: the gas components are separated according to the different solubility and diffusion penetration rate in the membrane.

工藝優點：

Process advantages:

（1）純物理過程，無二次污染。（2）撬裝結構，建設周期短。（3）自動化程度高，運行可靠。（4）模塊化設計，適合分期建設。（5）能耗低，維護成本低。（6）流量可調，適用范圍廣。（7）壽命長，使用方便，全年98%時間可以工作。（8）產品氣穩定，甲烷回收率≥95%，產品氣純度≥95%。

(1) Pure physical process, no secondary pollution. (2) Skid mounted structure, short construction period. (3) High degree of automation and reliable operation. (4) Modular design, suitable for phased construction. (5) Low energy consumption and low maintenance cost. (6) Adjustable flow and wide application range. (7) Long service life, easy to use, 98% of the year can work. (8) The product gas is stable, the recovery rate of methane is ≥ 95%, and the purity of product gas is ≥ 95%.

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