一、因養(yǎng)殖場的經營風險關閉，無產沼原料？
1、 Due to the operation risk of the farm closed, no biogas raw materials?
養(yǎng)殖場經營狀況的好壞直接影響到大中型沼氣工程的實施和運營效果。如影響到沼氣工程糞便原料的收集和沼氣產量，還可能影響到沼氣的生產成本等。
The management status of farms directly affects the implementation and operation effect of large and medium-sized biogas projects. For example, it will affect the collection of manure materials and biogas production, and may also affect the production cost of biogas.
解決辦法：取找周邊畜禽糞便或有機工業(yè)廢棄物作為替補原料，發(fā)展集中式氣工程。在養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模不足的情況下, 增加一臺粉碎機, 實現糞便與秸稈混合發(fā)酵，可使產氣量得到保障和提高。同時應加強管理和運營，通過生產有機肥和開展綜合利用，提高沼氣工程的運行效益。
The solution: take the surrounding livestock manure or organic industrial waste as alternative raw materials to develop the centralized gas project. In the case of insufficient cultivation scale, adding a pulverizer to realize the mixed fermentation of manure and straw can guarantee and improve the gas production. At the same time, management and operation should be strengthened to improve the operation efficiency of biogas project through the production of organic fertilizer and comprehensive utilization.
二、沼氣發(fā)酵保溫和增溫的技術有什么風險？
2、 What are the risks of biogas fermentation technology?
沼氣發(fā)酵有中溫、近中溫、常溫發(fā)酵。沼氣產量受發(fā)酵溫度的變化影響較大，采用不同溫度發(fā)酵對項目的產氣量及運營成本也有較大影響。由于一些項目地處冬季寒冷地區(qū)，往往達不到中溫，不但會嚴重影響產氣, 還有可能凍壞工程設施與設備。
Biogas fermentation has medium temperature, near medium temperature and normal temperature. Biogas production is greatly affected by the change of fermentation temperature, and different temperature fermentation also has a great impact on the gas production and operation cost of the project. Because some projects are located in cold winter areas, they often can not reach the middle temperature, which will not only seriously affect the gas production, but also freeze the engineering facilities and equipment.
解決辦法：為項目正常運行，首先對必要的項目設施采取保溫措施；在設計施工中，采取太陽增溫和加溫裝置可對產沼原料增溫；a好的增溫方式是通過發(fā)電機組的余熱實現增溫，達到熱電聯產。也可使用沼氣或然煤鍋爐作為加溫的應急熱源, 保障沼氣工程實現中溫正常運行。
Solutions: for the normal operation of the project, first of all, take insulation measures for the necessary project facilities; In the design and construction, the solar heating device can increase the temperature of biogas raw materials; A good way to increase the temperature is to increase the temperature through the waste heat of the generator set to achieve cogeneration. The biogas or coal boiler can also be used as the emergency heat source to ensure the normal operation of the biogas project at medium temperature.
三、畜禽場消毒水對沼氣發(fā)酵會有影響嗎？
3、 Does disinfected water of livestock farm affect biogas fermentation?
因畜禽場對棚舍和糞污水消毒滅菌, 導致產沼原料PH值過高而殺滅厭氧菌, 造成少產氣和不產氣的事故經常發(fā)生。
Due to the disinfection and sterilization of shed and fecal sewage in livestock and poultry farms, the pH value of biogas raw materials is too high to kill anaerobic bacteria, resulting in less gas production and no gas production accidents.
解決措施：項目設應設定合理的酸化調節(jié)池, 通過酸化調節(jié)只有合格的產沼原料才能進入厭氧發(fā)酵裝置, 不致于殺滅厭氧菌, 造成少產氣和不產氣的事故發(fā)生。酸化調節(jié)池同時還具有沉砂、去浮渣、調節(jié)高峰用氣備料的功能。
Solutions: the project design should set up a reasonable acidification regulation pool, through acidification regulation, only qualified biogas production raw materials can enter the anaerobic fermentation device, so as to avoid killing anaerobic bacteria, resulting in less gas production and no gas production accidents. At the same time, the acidification regulating tank also has the functions of settling sand, removing scum, regulating peak gas consumption and preparing materials.
四、沼氣用不完排空破壞臭氧層，不符合環(huán)保要求，怎么辦？
4、 What should we do if we can't use up biogas to destroy the ozone layer, which does not meet the requirements of environmental protection?
一些沼氣項目用的是濕式常壓自排氣柜,會造成沼氣泄漏，雖然對工程本身不造成危害, 但從環(huán)保角度來說是不允許的。因為沼氣中的甲烷比空氣輕, 一但泄漏直升高空。由甲烷氣體引起的溫室效應是二氧化碳的21倍，1m3甲烷相當于21m3二氧化碳。
Some biogas projects use wet atmospheric pressure self exhaust cabinet, which will cause biogas leakage. Although it does not cause harm to the project itself, it is not allowed from the perspective of environmental protection. Because methane in biogas is lighter than air, once it leaks, it goes up into the air. The greenhouse effect caused by methane is 21 times of that of carbon dioxide. 1 m3 methane is equivalent to 21 m3 carbon dioxide.
解決措施：首先對管理人員加強技術培訓, 對進出料與產氣量定期統(tǒng)計, 尋找出沼氣工程中進料濃度、進料溫度、進料量與產氣量、產氣高峰之間的關系, 以用氣量控制進料量和進料時間, 做到以需定產, 由貯氣柜作調節(jié), 一般不會排空。
Solutions: first of all, strengthen the technical training for the management personnel, make regular statistics on the input and output and gas production, find out the relationship between the feed concentration, feed temperature, feed volume and gas production and gas production peak in the biogas project, control the feed volume and feed time with gas consumption, so as to determine the production according to the demand, which is regulated by the gas storage tank and will not be emptied generally.
為防萬一, 項目沼氣氣柜上端安裝低壓防爆行程報警器一個, 在預警顯示后啟動加溫鍋爐, 為沼氣工程加溫。另外還可安裝一個沼氣燃燒裝置（火炬）。沼氣是寶貴的, 咱們得充分利用, 更不應該排空。
In case of emergency, a low-pressure explosion-proof travel alarm is installed on the upper end of the biogas holder of the project. After the warning display, the heating boiler is started to heat the biogas project. In addition, a biogas burning device (torch) can be installed. Biogas is precious. We should make full use of it, let alone empty it.
五、沼氣工程起步較晚，運營怎樣維護？
5、 Biogas project started late, how to maintain the operation?
我國多數地區(qū)大中型沼氣工程起步相對較晚，運營管理經驗相對不足和技術人員相對缺乏。
The large and medium-sized biogas projects in most areas of China started relatively late, and the operation and management experience and professional and technical personnel are relatively insufficient.
解決措施：工程運行操作人員在上崗前必須行培訓，掌握工程的管理技術和操作要點，并嚴格按操作規(guī)程進行操作。建設單位必須培訓一定數量的技術人員和操作人員, 持證上崗。嚴禁違反操作規(guī)程的行為，工程安全穩(wěn)定運行。
Solution: the operation personnel of the project must be trained before taking up their posts, master the management technology and operation points of the project, and operate in strict accordance with the operation regulations. The construction unit must train a certain number of professional and technical personnel and operators to work with certificates. It is strictly forbidden to violate the operation regulations, and the project runs safely and stably.
六、影響沼氣項目經濟指標的a主要因素是什么？
6、 What are the main factors affecting the economic indicators of biogas project?
項目運行中銷售收入對項目的各項經濟指標影響a大，是a敏感的因素，其次是經營成本。
During the operation of the project, the sales revenue has a great influence on the economic indicators of the project, which is a sensitive factor, followed by the operating cost.
解決措施：應注意考察和吸收國內其他大中型沼氣工程的運營管理經驗。項目建成后一定要大力開拓市場，努力擴大三沼產品的銷售量。同時，要在降低經營成本上下功夫，這樣才能取得預期的經濟效益。
Solutions: attention should be paid to the investigation and absorption of the operation and management experience of other large and medium-sized biogas projects in China. After the completion of the project, we must vigorously explore the market and strive to expand the sales volume of Sanzhao products. At the same time, efforts should be made to reduce operating costs so as to achieve the expected economic benefits.
企業(yè)二維碼
2021-05-28
魯公網安備37011202000764號號