在廢氣和廢水的脫硫處理中，生物脫硫菌種就像一群默默工作的 “脫硫小能手”，通過自身代謝將含硫化合物轉化為無害物質。但這些微生物并非 “永動機”，它們的活性、數量和處理能力會隨時間變化。那么，生物脫硫菌種究竟需不需要定期更換或補充？答案藏在菌種的工作特性、環境變化和處理效果的綜合考量中。

　　In the desulfurization treatment of exhaust gas and wastewater, biological desulfurization bacteria are like a group of "desulfurization experts" working silently, converting sulfur-containing compounds into harmless substances through their own metabolism. But these microorganisms are not "perpetual motion machines", their activity, quantity, and processing capacity will change over time. So, do biological desulfurization strains need to be replaced or replenished regularly? The answer lies in the comprehensive consideration of the working characteristics of the bacterial strain, environmental changes, and treatment effects.

　　生物脫硫菌種的活性和數量會因多種因素下降。首先，處理環境的波動是影響菌種生存的關鍵。含硫廢氣或廢水中的酸堿度、溫度、重金屬含量等一旦超出菌種適宜的生存范圍，就會抑制其生長，甚至導致大量死亡。例如，溫度過高會破壞菌種體內的酶活性，重金屬離子則可能對菌種產生毒性。其次，隨著脫硫過程的持續，菌種長期消耗自身能量分解含硫物質，若營養補充不足，或代謝產生的有害物質在環境中積累，也會使菌種活性降低、處理效率下滑。此外，不同批次處理的廢氣、廢水成分存在差異，當突然出現菌種難以適應的復雜污染物時，也會削弱其脫硫能力。

　　The activity and quantity of biological desulfurization bacterial strains may decrease due to various factors. Firstly, dealing with environmental fluctuations is crucial for the survival of bacterial strains. Once the acidity, temperature, and heavy metal content in sulfur-containing waste gas or wastewater exceed the suitable survival range of bacterial strains, it will inhibit their growth and even lead to a large number of deaths. For example, excessive temperature can damage the enzyme activity inside the bacterial strain, while heavy metal ions may be toxic to the strain. Secondly, as the desulfurization process continues, the bacterial strain consumes its own energy to decompose sulfur-containing substances for a long time. If there is insufficient nutritional supplementation or harmful substances produced by metabolism accumulate in the environment, the activity of the bacterial strain will also decrease and the treatment efficiency will decline. In addition, there are differences in the composition of exhaust gas and wastewater treated in different batches. When complex pollutants that bacteria cannot adapt to suddenly appear, their desulfurization ability will also be weakened.

　　判斷是否需要更換或補充菌種，核心要看脫硫效果是否達標。在實際處理過程中，需定期監測脫硫系統的關鍵指標，如廢氣中的二氧化硫濃度、廢水中的硫化物含量等。若發現處理后的排放物持續高于標準值，且排除設備故障等其他因素后，很可能是菌種性能下降導致。同時，觀察生物處理系統的運行狀態，如微生物菌群的顏色、形態發生明顯變化，出現大量漂浮物或污泥性狀改變，也是菌種活性降低的信號。此外，通過檢測菌種的數量和活性，與初始狀態或正常運行參數對比，能更準確地判斷是否需要采取措施。

　　To determine whether it is necessary to replace or supplement the bacterial strain, the key is to check whether the desulfurization effect meets the standard. In the actual processing, it is necessary to regularly monitor key indicators of the desulfurization system, such as the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas and the content of sulfides in the wastewater. If it is found that the emissions after treatment continue to exceed the standard value, and other factors such as equipment failure are excluded, it is likely that the decline in bacterial performance is the cause. At the same time, observing the operating status of the biological treatment system, such as significant changes in the color and morphology of microbial communities, the appearance of a large amount of floating debris or changes in sludge characteristics, is also a signal of reduced bacterial activity. In addition, by detecting the quantity and activity of bacterial strains and comparing them with the initial state or normal operating parameters, it is possible to more accurately determine whether measures need to be taken.

　　當確認菌種處理能力不足時，及時更換或補充菌種十分必要。若只是部分菌種活性下降，可優先選擇補充新菌種。補充時需選擇與原有菌種特性相近、適應現有處理環境的菌種，按照一定比例逐步添加到處理系統中，避免因菌種差異過大引發生態失衡。同時，調整系統的營養供給和環境參數，為新老菌種創造適宜的生存條件，幫助新菌種快速適應環境并發揮作用。而當菌種受到嚴重毒害、處理效果長期無法改善，或處理工藝發生重大變化時，則需徹底更換菌種。更換前要對處理設備和系統進行全面清洗和消毒，清除殘留的有害物質，再引入更適合新工況的菌種，并重新培養馴化，建立新的微生物生態系統。

　　It is necessary to replace or supplement the bacterial strains in a timely manner when it is confirmed that their processing capacity is insufficient. If only some strains show a decrease in activity, priority can be given to supplementing with new strains. When supplementing, it is necessary to select strains that have similar characteristics to the original strains and are suitable for the existing treatment environment, and gradually add them to the treatment system in a certain proportion to avoid ecological imbalance caused by significant differences in strains. At the same time, adjust the nutritional supply and environmental parameters of the system to create suitable living conditions for new and old strains, helping them quickly adapt to the environment and play their role. When the bacterial strain is severely poisoned, the treatment effect cannot be improved for a long time, or there are significant changes in the treatment process, the bacterial strain needs to be completely replaced. Before replacement, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and disinfect the processing equipment and system, remove residual harmful substances, introduce more suitable bacterial strains for the new working conditions, and re cultivate and domesticate them to establish a new microbial ecosystem.

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